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投稿时间：2007-10-14 修订日期：2007-11-15
投稿时间：2007-10-14 修订日期：2007-11-15
中文摘要: 为探讨哈尔滨市非采暖期自然热舒适状况，采用标准有效温度这一从人体生理角度
得到的热舒适指标来进行研究。考虑到舒适感因人而异，在大多数实际环境条件下，即使对
某一个人来说也并非尽善尽美，同时采用热不舒适指标来评价不舒适程度。以哈尔滨市2005
年非采暖期（4月下旬至10月中旬）的逐时气温、相对湿度以及风速资料为基础，计算了该
市春、秋季非采暖期（4月下旬至5月下旬、9月上旬至10月中旬）逐旬、夏季（6-8月）逐月
每3小时的气温、相对湿度、风速平均值。假设夏季人们穿着的服装热阻为0.6clo（典型服
装为长裤、短袖衬衫或裤、长袖衬衫），春、秋非采暖期服装热阻为0.9clo(典型服装为长
裤，长袖衬衫，夹克衫)，当人们活动量为1.0met时（如室内伏案工作），根据计算得到各
气象要素平均值，对比热舒适图得到逐旬（月）的每3小时标准有效温度和不舒适指标。对
比发现哈尔滨市非采暖期没有能够使80%的人感到满意的时间区域，大致只有5月下旬至9月
上旬的10:00—18:00期间，能够达到70%的人感到满意。从4月下旬到5月上旬，平均来
看一天中75%的时间感觉很冷，不舒适；而9月下旬至10月上旬，一天中有一半时间感觉很冷，不
舒适。由这两个指标所得到的哈尔滨非采暖期热舒适状况比较符合实际，可以采用这两种指
标作为人体舒适度研究的参考。
中文关键词: 标准有效温度SET 热不舒适指标DISC 非采暖期 自然热舒适状况
Abstract:Standard Effective Temperature (SET) is the best thermal comfort index
induced from human heat balance model so far. SET is used to analyze the therma
l comfort in non heating period in Harbin. In actual environment, one person ma
y feel too cold or too hot when he/she wears different clothes and takes differen
t activity. For lots of people, the environment can't make all of them feel comf
ort because every individual has different feeling about the environment and has
different standard of comfort. So, discomfort index (DISC) is adopted in this p
aper to analyze the degree of discomfort in Harbin. Based on data of
hourly temperature, hourly relative humility and hourly wind speed in non heati
ng period (from 20 April to 20 October) in 2005 in Harbin, average three hour te
mperature, relative humility and wind speed of every period of ten days from 20 A
pril to 30 May and from 1 September to 20 October are calculated. Average three
hour temperature, relative humility and wind speed of every month from June to O
ctober are calculated too. And based on the thermal comfort figures in the book
“Architecture. Climate.Energy", the method of interpolation is applied to obta
in the SET and DISC values of every three hour of every period of ten days. Som
e conclusions are: If people in Harbin wear clothes for which clothing thermal res
istance is 0.6, such as trousers, semi sleeve shirt or long sleeve shirt, from
June to August and people wear clothes for which clothing thermal resistance is 0
.9, such as trousers, long sleeve shirt, and jacket in other periods, there are
no period to make eighty percent of people feel thermal comfor
t when people work at a table in a room. From 10:00 to
18:00 in a day of the last ten day of May to the first ten day of September, seventy per
cent of people feel comfort. People can feel cold in 75 percent of a day during the pe
riod from the last ten day of April to the first ten day of May. People ca
n feel very cold in half a day during the period from the last ten day of Sep
tember to the first ten day of October. So, in non heating period in Harbin,
people may wear warmer clothes to offset the discomfort.
keywords: standard effective temperature (SET) discomfort index (DISC) non h
eating period natural status of heat comfort
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基金项目:本文由中国气象局气候变化专项项目（CCSF2007 43）资助
引用文本：
陈莉,李帅,周永吉,张洪梅,2008.用标准有效温度和不舒适指标研究哈尔滨热舒适状况[J].气象,34(1):72-79.
Chen Li,Li Shuai,Zhou Yongji,Zhang Hongmei,2008.Analysis of the Thermal Status by Using the Standard Effective Temperature and Discomfort Index in Harbin[J].Meteor Mon,34(1):72-79.
陈莉,李帅,周永吉,张洪梅,2008.用标准有效温度和不舒适指标研究哈尔滨热舒适状况[J].气象,34(1):72-79.
Chen Li,Li Shuai,Zhou Yongji,Zhang Hongmei,2008.Analysis of the Thermal Status by Using the Standard Effective Temperature and Discomfort Index in Harbin[J].Meteor Mon,34(1):72-79.