Abstract:The global average surface temperature in 2015 was about 0.76℃ higher than the mean value of 1961-1990, and it became the warmest year on record since 1850. In this year, the sea surface temperature (SST) in the Central Eastern Pacific was anomalously higher than normal, and the global ocean heat content broke the historical record. The maximum of Arctic sea ice extent during this year was at the lowest level on record while the Antarctic sea ice extent was still higher than normal. Affected by the external forcing factors and the persistent anomalous atmospheric circulation, notable extreme weather and climate events occurred worldwide, such as the frequent spring torrential rains in Southern Asia and the summer hot wave in Europe. Analysis shows that the anomalously warm SST in Central Eastern Pacific and Indian Ocean brought in the westward extension and enhancement of West Pacific subtropical high and the local active convection in Indian Peninsula, leading to more rainfalls in spring in Southern Asia. Moreover, the July hot wave in Europe resulted from the weakening of westerly and the establishment of meridional circulation which was related to the continual negative phase of Arctic Oscillation.