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投稿时间：2015-06-01 修订日期：2016-01-20
投稿时间：2015-06-01 修订日期：2016-01-20
中文摘要: 利用乌鲁木齐市4座100 m梯度气象塔2013年6月至2014年4月10 min气象资料，对比分析了温差法、温差 风速法、风速比法、理查森数法和总体理查森数法计算的A～F类大气稳定度的适用性，表明温差 风速法更适合乌鲁木齐市大气稳定度的分类，运用该方法计算出的A～F类稳定度进而统计分析乌鲁木齐市城区和郊区稳定度的频率分布特征。结果表明：郊区稳定类所占比例高于城区，城区中性类高于郊区，南郊和城区不稳定类高于北郊。中性类在冬季较大，春季和秋季较低；不稳定类在6月最高、9和1月最低；稳定类在10和1月最高、6和7月最低。白天以不稳定为主（占全天88.3%～96.3%）、夜间以稳定为主（占全天51.3%～60%），夏季最明显。不稳定与中性、稳定的日变化相反，郊区日出时和城区日出后2 h左右稳定类频率最大。中性（D类）在日出和日落后1～3 h分别出现两个峰值。寒潮天气稳定性比高温天气强，静风天气郊区稳定类比大风天气强，扬沙发生前以中性和稳定类稳定度为主、发生时和发生后以不稳定为主，降雨天气不稳定类比暴雪天气强。春季和夏季重污染天气B、C和F类为主，夏季南郊和近北郊C和F类约45 %，秋季B和E类为主，约40%～50 %；冬季城区D类频率最大，南郊、北郊和近北郊F类频率最大。
中文关键词: 大气稳定度，频率，统计特征，乌鲁木齐
Abstract:According to daily observation of four 100 m meteorological towers in Urumqi from June 2013 to April 2014 by 10 min meteorological data, this paper analyzes the A-F atmospheric stability applicability of the temperature difference method, temperature difference wind speed method, wind ratio method, Richard method, and Overall Richardson number method. It is found that the temperature difference wind speed method is more suitable for the classification of Urumqi City atmospheric stability. Using this method, we calculate the A-F stability and, further, conduct statistical analysis of the frequency distribution characteristics of Urumqi City and suburban stability. The results show that the frequency of stable condition is higher in suburbs than in urban area and the frequency of neutral condition is higher in urban than in suburb, and the frequency of unstable conditions is higher in southern suburbs and urban than in northern suburbs. The frequency of neutral condition is the highest in winter but the lowest in spring and autumn. The frequency of unstable condition is the highest in June but lowest in September and January. The frequency of stable condition is the highest in October and January but lowest in June and July. The proportion of the unstable is the maximum (88.3%-96.3% of all day) during daytime in summer, but minimum (51.3%-60%) in winter. The daily variation of unstable condition is in inverse of neutral and stable conditions. The frequency of stable condition is the highest at sunrise moment in suburb and 2 hours after sunrise in urban. The neutral condition at sunrise and 1-3 hours after sunset respectively reach their two peaks. The frequency of stable condition is higher in cold weather than in hot weather, and it is higher in calm weather than in windy weather in suburb, and the frequency of unstable condition is higher in rain weather than in heavy snow weather. The frequency of neutral and stable conditions are the highest before blowing sand but the unstable condition is the highest during and after sand blowing. The high frequency of atmospheric stability is in B, C and F category in spring and summer; the frequency of C and F category in summer in south suburbs and north suburbs is about 45%. The high frequency of atmospheric stability is B and E category in autumn (about 40%-50%). The high frequency of atmospheric stability is D category in urban, while is F category in south suburbs, north suburbs and north rural.
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基金项目:中国沙漠气象科学研究基金（Sqj2015009）、中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金（IDM201505）及公益性行业（气象）科研专项（GYHY201506001）共同资助
引用文本：
金莉莉,何清,李振杰,缪启龙,买买提艾力·买买提依明,2016.乌鲁木齐市低层大气稳定度分布特征的统计分析[J].气象,42(8):996-1006.
JIN Lili,HE Qing,LI Zhenjie,MIAO Qilong,ALI Mamtimin,2016.Statistical Analysis of Low Layer Atmospheric Stability Distribution Characteristics in Urumqi[J].Meteor Mon,42(8):996-1006.
金莉莉,何清,李振杰,缪启龙,买买提艾力·买买提依明,2016.乌鲁木齐市低层大气稳定度分布特征的统计分析[J].气象,42(8):996-1006.
JIN Lili,HE Qing,LI Zhenjie,MIAO Qilong,ALI Mamtimin,2016.Statistical Analysis of Low Layer Atmospheric Stability Distribution Characteristics in Urumqi[J].Meteor Mon,42(8):996-1006.