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投稿时间：2020-12-25 修订日期：2021-06-30
投稿时间：2020-12-25 修订日期：2021-06-30
中文摘要: 确定了湖南春雨建立的上游西南风速关键区，定义了湖南春雨监测指标，分析了湖南春雨指标的时间变化特征及春雨的空间分布特征，探讨了湖南春雨强、弱年大气环流和水汽输送的异常及前期海温异常特征。结果表明，湖南春雨发生的时段气候平均为第13～27候，不同年份开始和结束的早晚不尽相同，湖南春雨量在20世纪80年代中期以前、2014年以后偏多，20世纪80年代中期至2013年偏少，空间分布表现为自东部、南部向西部、北部逐渐递减。全省一致偏多（偏少）型可以较好地表现湖南春雨的主要空间分布型特征。全省一致型强春雨年，西太平洋副热带高压明显偏强、偏西，印缅槽偏弱，低层风场在我国江南地区有异常气旋环流控制，湖南为异常气旋环流中心，导致春雨偏强；全省一致型弱春雨年，西太平洋副热带高压明显偏弱、印缅槽偏强，低层风场在西南地区东部至江南有一个异常反气旋，湖南为水汽异常辐散中心，导致春雨偏弱。El Ni〖AKn~D〗o事件发展的次年，湖南春雨开始早、雨期长、雨量偏多、强度强；反之，La Ni〖AKn~D〗a事件发展的次年，湖南春雨开始晚、雨期短、雨量偏少、强度弱。
中文关键词: 湖南,春雨,特征,环流异常,海温
Abstract:In this study, the key area of upwind southwest wind speed is established, which is closely associated with spring persistent rains in Hunan (SPRH). The monitoring indicators of SPRH from 1980 to 2014 are defined. The temporal and spatial patterns of SPRH rainfall are analyzed. Besides, the anomaly of the atmospheric circulations during the strong/weak SPRH period and sea surface temperature (SST) during the early period are discussed. Results show that the climate average of SPRH occurs from the 13th pentad to the 27th pentad, whereas the starting date and ending date of SPRH vary in different years. The rainfall of SPRH exceeded normal conditions during the periods before the mid-1980s and after 2014, but it was lower than normal conditions during the periods of the mid-1980s to 2013. The rainfall of SPRH decreased from south to north and from east to west in spatial distribution. The spatial pattern of more (less) precipitation in the whole province can show the main spatial distribution of SPRH. In the strong SPRH years in whole province, the Western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) remarkably becomes stronger and westward, the Indo-Burmese trough tends to become weaker, and an anomalous anticyclone exists in the southern Yangtze River regions in low-level wind field. Hunan is located in the center of anomalous anticyclone, causing heavy SPRH. However, in the weak SPRH years, WPSH evidently becomes weaker, the Indo-Burmese trough tends to become stronger, and an anomalous anticyclone is found in southern China. Additionally, Hunan is located in the center of anomalous water vapor divergence, resulting in weaker SPRH in whole province. In the following year of the occurrence of El Ni〖AKn~D〗o events, SPRH starts earlier, persists longer and has more intensive rainfall amount compared with the normal years. On the contrary, during the following year of the occurrence of La Ni〖AKn~D〗a, SPRH starts later, has short rainy periods, lower rainfall amount and weaker rainfall intensity compared with the normal years.
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基金项目:湖南省气象局2020年预报员专项（XQKJ20C011）、湖南省气象局第三期业务能力建设项目（NLJS04）和国家自然科学基金项目（42005058）共同资助
| 作者 | 单位 |
| 张剑明 | 湖南省气候中心，长沙 410118 湖南省气象科学研究所，长沙 410118 |
| 叶成志 | 湖南省气象科学研究所，长沙 410118 气象防灾减灾湖南省重点实验室，长沙 410118 |
| 曾宇星 | 湖南省气候中心，长沙 410118 湖南省气象科学研究所，长沙 410118 |
| 谢益军 | 湖南省气候中心，长沙 410118 湖南省气象科学研究所，长沙 410118 |
引用文本：
张剑明,叶成志,曾宇星,谢益军,2021.湖南春雨特征及异常成因分析[J].气象,47(12):1457-1468.
ZHANG Jianming,YE Chengzhi,ZENG Yuxing,XIE Yijun,2021.Characteristics of Spring Persistent Rains in Hunan and Its Anomaly Causes[J].Meteor Mon,47(12):1457-1468.
张剑明,叶成志,曾宇星,谢益军,2021.湖南春雨特征及异常成因分析[J].气象,47(12):1457-1468.
ZHANG Jianming,YE Chengzhi,ZENG Yuxing,XIE Yijun,2021.Characteristics of Spring Persistent Rains in Hunan and Its Anomaly Causes[J].Meteor Mon,47(12):1457-1468.
