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投稿时间：2023-05-19 修订日期：2024-02-24
投稿时间：2023-05-19 修订日期：2024-02-24
中文摘要: 基于静止气象卫星图像解译理论和位涡理论，应用FY-4A水汽图像、干涉式大气垂直探测仪（GIIRS）产品和欧洲中心第五代大气再分析资料（ERA5）对2021年1月6—8日我国中东部地区寒潮天气进行分析。结果表明：高空冷涡和地面冷高压是影响此次寒潮天气的主要影响系统，冷空气5日08:00从贝加尔湖南部向东、向南加强发展，8日20:00 减弱；对比FY-4A/GIIRS与ERA5 850 hPa 24 h变温数据发现：两种数据反映的对流层低层冷空气东移南下特征和正负变温区域分布特征基本一致，FY-4A/GIIRS 850 hPa 24 h负变温中心和0℃等变温线的位置与ERA5数据接近，FY-4A/GIIRS 850 hPa 24 h变温中心值强度略大于ERA5。水汽图像暗区变暗附近的高层位涡的增加激发高层气旋性环流后侧下沉运动增强，干空气下沉造成了地面高压增强；500 hPa冷涡中心附近绝对涡度增加是引起冷空气增强的原因之一;冷空气急剧增强时段，中低层位涡的加大引起地面冷空气堆积，寒潮增强。FY-4A/GIIRS温度产品反映的冷空气移动特征与位涡理论对冷空气增强原因分析结果一致，说明应用FY-4A/GIIRS温度产品能够有效监测分析寒潮冷空气演变特征。
中文关键词: FY-4A水汽图像，GIIRS温度廓线，位涡，寒潮
Abstract:Using the FY-4A satellite water vapor images and geostationary interferometric infrared sounder (GIIRS) products combined with potential vorticity products, the cold wave in central and eastern China from 6 to 8 January in 2021 is analyzed, based on the interpretation principle of meteorological satellite images and basic theory of potential vorticity conservation. It is found that this cold wave event was affected mainly by the high-altitude cold vortex and the surface cold high. The low-level cold air moved from the south of Baikal Lake to southeast and strengthened at 08:00 BT 5 January. By 20:00 BT 8, it weakened. The comparison of 850 hPa 24 h temperature changes of FY-4A/GIIRS and ERA5 shows that the characteristics of the low troposphere cold air moving to southeast and the cold and warm temperature change regional distribution monitored by FY-4A/GIIRS are basically consistent with the ERA5 data. The 24 h negative temperature change center at 850 hPa and the location of 0℃ isallotherm by FY-4A/GIIRS were similar to the ERA5 data. The intensity of the 24 h temperature change center at 850 hPa by FY-4A/GIIRS was slightly higher than that of ERA5. The increase of high-level potential vorticity near the enhancement of the dark area of the water vapor image triggered the enhancement of the subsidence movement behind the high-level cyclonic circulation, and the dry air subsidence caused the enhancement of the surface high pressure. The increase of absolute vorticity near the center of 500 hPa cold vortex was one of the reasons for the enhancement of cold air. During the period of sharp strengthening of cold air, the increase of vortices in the middle and lower layers resulted in the accumulation of cold air on the ground and the enhancement of cold wave. The analysis result of potential vorticity theory on the enhancement mechanism of cold air is consistent with the development characteristic of cold wave movement of FY-4A/GIIRS temperature data. This indicates that the application of FY-4A/GIIRS temperature data can be effectively used to analyze the evolution characteristics of cold wave.
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基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(42175014)、中国气象局复盘总结专项（FPZJ2023-167）、风云卫星应用先行计划（2021YFB3900400）和东北冷涡研究重点开放实验室开放基金课题（2023SYIAEKF2D04）共同资助
引用文本：
牛宁,任素玲,覃丹宇,2024.FY-4A数据在2021年1月6—8日寒潮监测中应用[J].气象,50(6):661-674.
NIU Ning,REN Suling,QIN Danyu,2024.Application of FY-4A Satellite Data in Monitoring of the Cold Wave from 6 to 8 January 2021[J].Meteor Mon,50(6):661-674.
牛宁,任素玲,覃丹宇,2024.FY-4A数据在2021年1月6—8日寒潮监测中应用[J].气象,50(6):661-674.
NIU Ning,REN Suling,QIN Danyu,2024.Application of FY-4A Satellite Data in Monitoring of the Cold Wave from 6 to 8 January 2021[J].Meteor Mon,50(6):661-674.
