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气象:2009,35(6):3-12
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用SMAT建立台风暴雨预报模型的试验研究
(1.中国科学院研究生院,北京 100049;2.中国科学院大气物理研究所)
Development of Forecasting Model of Typhoon Type Rainstorm by Using SMAT
(1.Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049;2.Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences)
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投稿时间:2008-05-05    修订日期:2009-04-03
中文摘要: 台风暴雨的灾害性天气预报是科研与业务都特别关注的问题,因此其预报技术方法的研究显 得尤为必要。采用综合多级相似预报技术(简记为SMAT),对“浙东南沿海”区域台风过程 所引发的暴雨天气进行研究。该技术利用数值模拟结果对样本间的相似程度进行描述,同时 将描述样本相似程度的物理量由单因子拓展为因子组合。通过对13年间历史资料的试验,得 出了台风暴雨预报模型(SMAT Typhoon)。详细介绍了该模型的试验过程和试验结果,给 出 了重要试验数据参数。台风暴雨的相似试验结果显示,建模时的CSI(forecast successful index)高于0.7,且漏报率为0。在试报阶段,CSI也能保持在0.45以上。此外,台风暴雨预 报模型的准确率(0.72)和漏报率(0.26)与业界同行相比,也具有一定优势。在引进数值 产品和多因子求相似技术后,试验结果证明SMAT具有较强的平均预报能力,说明了所得到的 台风暴雨预报模型是有优势的。最后,通过对试验的分析,得出了对当地台风暴雨发生可能 起重要作用的一些物理量,对于这些指标,预报员在业务预报中应给予足够考虑;同时也给 出了在做类似相似试验中关键区和相似因子选取时的一些建议。
Abstract:Typhoon is one of the most important disasters in the southeast region along oce an in China, and it can cause strong rainstorm and heavy rainfall. Based on the opinion of stressing typhoon type rainstorm forecast importance, a new forecast technology SMAT (i.e. synthetic multilevel analogous forecast technology) is use d to study typhoon caused rainstorm in the southeast region of Zhejiang Province. Since it is seldom used as analogous elements in pr evious analogous forecast method, the numerical model integral products are used in the third level forecast in SMAT. In SMAT, similarity degree between samples is described by meteorological elements combination, which makes further progre ss than using single element to describe similarity in earlier analogous forecas t. Day to day sounding data of National Meteorological Center, weather map dat a and surface observation data in study range during 1990-2002 are used, and f o recast model of typhoon rainstorm (SMAT Typhoon) is completed. New forecast s ys tem’s research process,study result and key parameters are introduced, which c an demonstrate strong capability of forecast model. CSI (forecast successful ind ex) is a key index in evaluating rainstorm forecast level, and its mean value is 0.35 in the current field. The value will be declined in heavy rainstorm foreca st. Results show that CSI of rainstorm trial is larger than 0.7, and POD (lo st forecast rate) is 0 in exploiting model phase. In the test phase of forecast mod el, CSI can also be larger than 0.45. Moreover, according to COR (forecast p reci se rate, 0.72) and POD (0.26) of SMAT Typhoon, they are also better than those from other work. According to effect analysis of trail and revision in establish ed model, it shows that the meteorological elements are very important while ana log range is less important to trail effect in describing analog degree. This can di rect the later similar trail: based on the prime evaluation of various elements , physical elements should be paid much more attention instead of study range. W hen selecting the key range, we should pay more attention to its weather type. M oreover, the main causing rainstorm system should be taken more account wether t he main system is deep or not when selecting analogous elements. In the end, some important physical elements are checked out to instruct operational foreca st. All of these show that SMAT model has strong forecast ability on the averag e.
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基金项目:国家重点基础研究发展规划项目2004CB418301资助
引用文本:
李博,赵思雄,2009.用SMAT建立台风暴雨预报模型的试验研究[J].气象,35(6):3-12.
Li Bo,Zhao Sixiong,2009.Development of Forecasting Model of Typhoon Type Rainstorm by Using SMAT[J].Meteor Mon,35(6):3-12.