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气象:2014,40(8):965-980
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高炮、火箭和飞机催化扩散规律和作业设计的研究
(1.南京信息工程大学,南京 210044 中国气象科学研究院,北京 100081;2.南京信息工程大学,南京 210044)
Study on Diffusion Regularity and Operation Design of Antiaircraft Gun, Rocket and Plane Cloud Seeding
(1.Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044 Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081;2.Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044)
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投稿时间:2013-07-14    修订日期:2014-05-14
中文摘要: 文章基于扩散计算的解析解,提出了针对高炮、火箭和飞机等不同催化方式的点源、多线源和移动点源的数值计算方案,分别研究了不同催化方式催化剂扩散规律和有效范围,并利用卫星捕获的一次飞机播云实例检验了计算方案,同时研究了实现目标区充分催化的作业设计等问题。主要结论有:高炮做为点源催化,单个高炮作业,达到有效催化浓度的范围半径约只有0.5 km,应当采用多炮弹密集作业,比较有利于浓度和催化范围的维持,提高炮弹成核率能够很大程度地提高高炮作业效果;火箭和飞机作为线源催化,1 h内达到有效催化浓度的宽度分别为7和6.6 km,此宽度可作为多线播撒作业飞行间距设计的参考依据;飞机单线播撒达不到充分催化的要求,而耕作式播撒,在风速作用下,扩散区域会分散或重叠。根据风速大小设计的“8”字形来回播撒飞行路线,可使目标区得到充分播撒。在扩散计算方案研究基础上研发的各类催化扩散计算和作业设计软件系统,可方便准确地计算飞机、高炮和火箭实际作业时催化剂在云中扩散的范围、浓度及其随时间的演变,并可针对不同目标区进行充分播撒催化的作业设计,结果直观简明,为催化扩散计算的实际业务应用和作业设计提供了帮助。
Abstract:This article gave out the diffusion calculation model of different seeding ways such as antiaircraft gun, rocket and plane, based on the analytical solution of cloud seeding diffusion in clouds, and studied the diffusion regularity and effective range of different seeding ways. Farthermore, the paper examined the calculation scheme by using a flight seeding track caught by satellite, and discussed the problems such as adequate seeding flight designing. The main conclusions are as follows: Taking antiaircraft gun as point source, and using single antiaircraft gun for work, the operation range is found to be only 0.5 km. So, it would be better if we take multi shell for work to keep concentration and diffusion range, and the result can be improved largely when nucleation rate is raised. The works of rockets and planes are regarded as line sources. The widths beyond threshold value one hour after seeding are 7 km and 6.6 km, which can be taken as the basis of multi line seeding flight interval. Single line seeding cannot reach the requirement of sufficient catalyzing. Impacted by winds, the diffusion area would disperse or overlap when using ‘S’ seeding way. So, the ‘8’ form flight route design based on wind velocity can make the target area get adequate seeded. The cloud seeding diffusion calculation and work designing software developed based on diffusion calculation model are convenient to calculate the diffusion range, concentration and evolution by using plane, antiaircraft gun and rocket in real operations. Besides, it is effective in designing the seeding ways for different target areas, and the results are direct and clear, offering assistance for actual operational application and seeding designing of diffusion calculation.
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基金项目:公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY201206025)资助
引用文本:
周毓荃,朱冰,2014.高炮、火箭和飞机催化扩散规律和作业设计的研究[J].气象,40(8):965-980.
ZHOU Yuquan,ZHU Bing,2014.Study on Diffusion Regularity and Operation Design of Antiaircraft Gun, Rocket and Plane Cloud Seeding[J].Meteor Mon,40(8):965-980.